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Colorado GMU 48 mule deer: terrain, access and seasons

Unit 48's terrain, access, seasons and CPW mule deer figures, with Conditions rebuilt nightly.

By Bryson, co-founder Updated

2026 season

Second rifle Oct 24–Nov 1

Every section below follows this season.

Decide

The season's licenses, draw results and harvest figures.

At a glance

Second rifle runs Oct 24–Nov 1, 2026; CPW's 2024 harvest survey put success at 39% for 56 hunters.

Size
300 sq mi
CPW unit boundary, 2025
Counties
Lake, Chaffee
Elevation
8,800–14,430 ft
USGS 3DEP, 2026-10-19
Huntable public land
89%
COMaP, 2026-10-12
Second rifle license, 2026
Draw buck
CPW 2026 big game brochure. Colorado has no OTC mule deer license
Success
39%
CPW harvest survey, 2024
Hunters
56
CPW harvest survey, 2024
Hunter-days per sq mi
0.6
CPW, 2024
Road miles, any vehicle
149 mi
MVUM + CDOT, open on the Oct 24 opener
Median Habitat Score
2.2 of 5
Ranks 41st of 156 for second rifle. Glassline, v4, 2026-10-19
Snow now
1 in
Deepest at Brumley SNOTEL, 2026-10-20

In short

A high-country, half-open draw-only unit with more far-from-road ground than most units. Most of Unit 48 sits between 9,000 and 12,000 feet, with more conifer than anything else and rock and scree next. About nine-tenths of the unit is huntable public land, and just under a third of that ground is more than an hour and a half on foot from a drivable road. CPW's survey counted 187 hunters across all seasons in 2024, down from 234 in 2022, while second rifle success fell from 46% to 39%. Every license here is drawn, as for all Colorado mule deer.

Licenses and draw

Second rifle in Unit 48, 2026: a draw buck license (D-M-048-O2-R).

  • D-M-048-O2-R buck, draw 2026 draw: drawn out at 1 point for residents and nonresidents

CPW 2026 big game brochure; CPW primary-draw recap and drawn-out-at reports, 2024–2026, adult licenses. Every year of draw results is under Hunt codes and draw results.

Plan

The map, Conditions, access, hunt codes and draw results for the season, and what the research says.

Map

The interactive map (public land by manager, roads by vehicle class, burns, trailheads, SNOTEL stations, terrain and CPW's mapped ranges) needs JavaScript. The outline shows where Unit 48 sits among its neighbors.

49 471 47 481 45 48

Public data only. The plan lives in the app. Map sources

Conditions

As of Oct 21: 1 in of snow at Brumley SNOTEL, the deepest reading near the unit; exceptional drought (D4) on the US Drought Monitor over 100% of the unit; 1 active fire.

Rebuilt nightly; sources at the end of the page.

Item Value Data
Snow (SNOTEL) Brumley (10,570 ft): 1 in deep, SWE 0 inIndependence Pass (10,570 ft, 1.5 mi out): 0 in deep, SWE 0.1 inIvanhoe (10,540 ft, 2.4 mi out): 0 in deep, SWE 0.2 inNast Lake (8,710 ft, 5.6 mi out): 0 in deep, SWE 0 inFremont Pass (11,310 ft, 5.9 mi out): 1 in deep, SWE 0.1 in 2026-10-20 2026-10-20
Drought D4, Exceptional droughtShare of the unit: D0 or worse 100% · D1 or worse 100% · D2 or worse 100% · D3 or worse 100% · D4 100% USDM 2026-10-13 USDM 2026-10-13
Greenness vs normal, Sep 14–29 101% of the September normal (2014–2023), MODIS 16-day composite 2026-09-29 2026-09-29
Active fires Willow Fire: 7,480 ac in the unit, 92% contained 2026-10-21 2026-10-21

7-day forecast

NWS 7-day gridpoint forecast for 8,000–9,000 ft and 10,000–11,000 ft, issued Oct 21; the second rifle opener, Oct 24, is marked, and the front is shaded.

8,000–9,000 ft NWS PUB gridpoint 39,104, issued 2026-10-21. Gusts and lows: gridpoint only. Front Sat 10/24: PUB: cold front Saturday (discussion of 10/21).
Wed 10/21 Thu 10/22 Fri 10/23 Sat 10/24 Front Opener Sun 10/25 Mon 10/26 Tue 10/27
High / low 53° 31°51° 39°51° 36°45° 31°45° 32°47° 29°48° 27°
Precip 0 in0.3 in0.1 in0.3 in0.1 in0 in0 in
Snow 0 in0 in0 in0.2 in0.2 in0 in0 in
Gusts 15 mph14 mph25 mph18 mph14 mph13 mph16 mph
10,000–11,000 ft NWS PUB gridpoint 35,110, issued 2026-10-21. Gusts and lows: gridpoint only. Front Sat 10/24: PUB: cold front Saturday (discussion of 10/21).
Wed 10/21 Thu 10/22 Fri 10/23 Sat 10/24 Front Opener Sun 10/25 Mon 10/26 Tue 10/27
High / low 53° 27°50° 41°49° 32°44° 31°43° 32°44° 30°45° 27°
Precip 0 in0.3 in0.1 in0.3 in0.1 in0 in0 in
Snow 0 in0 in0 in0.8 in0.4 in0 in0 in
Gusts 15 mph18 mph29 mph20 mph15 mph12 mph15 mph

Access

Unit 48 has 26 trailheads and about 149 miles of road any vehicle may drive on the second rifle opener, plus 71 more that need high clearance. About a third of the huntable public ground is within a 30-minute walk of a drivable road, and just under a third is more than an hour and a half away.

Trailheads
26
COTREX, computed 2026-10-19
Road miles open, second rifle opener Oct 24–Nov 1, by the smallest vehicle allowed. MVUM plus county and state roads.
Vehicle Miles
Any vehicle
149 mi
High clearance
71 mi
4x4
0 mi
Walking time from a drivable road Share of huntable public ground by foot time from the nearest drivable road. Foot time at a standard pace on Glassline's travel model (slope, vegetation, trails), from the nearest highway, road a high-clearance vehicle can drive, or trailhead, with every road open.
Walking time Share
Within 30 min
35.7%
30–60 min
18.2%
60–90 min
16.5%
Over 90 min
29.6%

Hunt codes and draw results

1 hunt code for second rifle, 2026, with CPW's primary-draw results for 2024–2026.

Hunt code Year Licenses Residents Nonresidents
1st-choice applicants Drawn Drawn out at 1st-choice applicants Drawn Drawn out at
D-M-048-O2-R buck 2024 320 510 239 1 point 74 26 1 point
2025 320 487 226 1 point 67 40 1 point
2026 320 444 230 1 point 73 40 1 point

Hunt codes from the CPW 2026 big game brochure. A code valid in several units counts every hunter in all of them.

Draw results are CPW's primary-draw recap and drawn-out-at reports, 2024–2026, adult licenses. "Drawn out at" is the lowest preference-point level that drew a license; "Leftover" means licenses remained after the draw. A code valid in several units counts every applicant for all of them. Source: CPW draw reports, 2024–2026.

What the research says for this season

Findings from published studies and agency work, as tendencies. They describe how mule deer have behaved where they were studied, not where they are in Unit 48.

  • Across Utah and Nevada, GPS-collared mule deer avoided high-severity burns at fine scale for up to 30 years after a fire.

    Mills et al., 2026 Single study

  • In a south-central Wyoming herd, mature bucks moved away from motorized routes into roadless cover during a rifle season while does stayed on their usual forage, and hunting barely changed when deer migrated.

    Rodgers et al., 2021 Single study

  • In Colorado's Gunnison Basin, GPS-collared mule deer made their fall migration from late October into early November, along corridors averaging about 17 miles.

    Kauffman et al., 2024 Single study

Build a plan for Unit 48, free.

Start free

POIs are terrain candidates — places worth checking, not animal locations.

Reference

Terrain, the multi-year numbers, neighbors and sources. Each opens in place.

Terrain and habitat

8,800–14,430 ft; conifer 45.4% and rock & scree 20.9%; burns: Willow Fire, Interlaken Fire and La Plata Fire (2026, 2024 and 2025).

Unit-wide figures, computed 2026-10-19.

Elevation Acres per 1,000 ft band. USGS 3DEP.
  1. 8k–9k ft 800 ac
  2. 9k–10k ft 45,190 ac
  3. 10k–11k ft 41,980 ac
  4. 11k–12k ft 51,110 ac
  5. 12k–13k ft 42,610 ac
  6. 13k–14k ft 8,810 ac
  7. 14k–15k ft 380 ac
Table view
BandAcres
8,000–9,000 ft800 ac
9,000–10,000 ft45,190 ac
10,000–11,000 ft41,980 ac
11,000–12,000 ft51,110 ac
12,000–13,000 ft42,610 ac
13,000–14,000 ft8,810 ac
14,000–15,000 ft380 ac
Slope Share of the unit per slope class.
  1. Under 5° 16.8%
  2. 5–15° 27.3%
  3. 15–25° 23.7%
  4. 25–35° 20.6%
  5. 35°+ 11.5%
Table view
Slope classShare
Flat (under 5°)16.8%
Gentle (5–15°)27.3%
Moderate (15–25°)23.7%
Steep (25–35°)20.6%
Very steep (35° and up)11.5%
Aspect Share of non-flat ground facing each way.
  1. N 12.5%
  2. NE 15.4%
  3. E 17.5%
  4. SE 17%
  5. S 13.5%
  6. SW 8%
  7. W 6.7%
  8. NW 9.3%
Table view
AspectShare
North12.5%
Northeast15.4%
East17.5%
Southeast17%
South13.5%
Southwest8%
West6.7%
Northwest9.3%
Vegetation LF2024 existing vegetation, groups of 1% or more.
  1. Conifer 45.4%
  2. Rock & scree 20.9%
  3. Alpine grass 10%
  4. Shrubland 6.8%
  5. Riparian & wetland 4.3%
  6. Grass & meadow 4.2%
  7. Aspen 3.3%
  8. Water 2.7%
  9. Glacier & ice 1.6%
Table view
Vegetation groupShare
Conifer45.4%
Rock & scree20.9%
Alpine grass10%
Shrubland6.8%
Riparian & wetland4.3%
Grass & meadow4.2%
Aspen3.3%
Water2.7%
Glacier & ice1.6%
Item Value Data
Burned 0–3 years ago 8,300 acWillow Fire (2026), 7,200 acInterlaken Fire (2024), 700 acLa Plata Fire (2025), 100 ac NIFC since 2020 NIFC since 2020
Openings in timber 688 openings of 1–40 ac, from lidar covering 99.9% of the unit 2026-10-19 2026-10-19
Habitat Score, second rifle Share of 154,100 ac of huntable public ground in each score band. Median 2.2. Scoring v4, computed 2026-10-19.
Table view
ScoreShare of scored ground
0–0.50.1%
0.5–10.7%
1–1.57.2%
1.5–225.1%
2–2.544.1%
2.5–319.2%
3–3.53.4%
3.5–40.2%
4–4.50%
4.5–50%

Glassline's Habitat Score grades terrain and habitat for the season on food, water, breeding and shelter. Shown here as one distribution for the whole unit, never a map: it grades ground, not animal locations.

The numbers

CPW harvest estimates 2022–2024 for the chosen season and all seasons, the Cottonwood Creek herd (D-15) estimate for 2025 and hunter density, 2024.

Second rifle success fell from 46% to 39% between 2022 and 2024, while the season's hunters held about steady. Across all seasons, hunters fell by about a fifth between 2022 and 2024. Unit 48 is one of 4 units in CPW's Cottonwood Creek mule deer herd (DAU D-15), estimated at about 3,600 mule deer after the 2025 hunt, with 21 bucks per 100 does.

Hunters, harvest and success
Season Year Hunters Harvest Success
Second rifle 2022 55 25 46%
2023 77 24 32%
2024 56 22 39%
All seasons 2022 234 63 27%
2023 205 67 33%
2024 187 54 29%

CPW deer harvest reports, 2022–2024. A dash: not reported.

Item Value Data
Hunter density 3 hunter-days per sq mi, all seasons CPW 2024 CPW 2024
Herd estimate (Cottonwood Creek, D-15) 3,580 post-hunt · 3,270 in 2019 CPW 2025 CPW 2025
Buck:doe ratio 21 bucks per 100 does CPW 2025 CPW 2025

CPW harvest figures are survey estimates, not counts, and they cover the whole unit, private land included. Source: CPW harvest reports, 2022–2024.

Herd numbers cover the whole Cottonwood Creek herd unit (D-15), which also takes in Units 56, 481 and 561: CPW manages herds, not units. Source: CPW post-hunt population estimate, 2025.

Neighbors

Units 49, 471, 47, 481 and 45, nearest first.

From each unit's own page; dates there.

What this page can't tell you

Closures, private ground, this year's pressure and animal locations.
  • Closures. Forest, fire and road closure orders change through the season and aren't checked here. The managing agency's current order governs.
  • Private ground. Land with no public hunting access is hunted only with the owner's permission, and the public-land share above leaves it out.
  • This year's pressure. CPW's hunter numbers run a year or more behind the season you're planning.
  • Animal locations. These are terrain, access, harvest and herd figures, and CPW's mapped ranges are range lines; none of them places an animal.

Sources

24 datasets and studies, dated where the source dates them.
  1. Deer statistics: population estimates and harvest reports — Colorado Parks and Wildlife
  2. Colorado big game hunting: brochure, seasons and hunt codes — Colorado Parks and Wildlife
  3. Game Management Unit boundaries (Hunting Atlas) — Colorado Parks and Wildlife On the map: unit boundaries, 2025.
  4. COMaP: Colorado Ownership, Management and Protection — Colorado Natural Heritage Program, 2026-10-12 On the map: public land by manager, mapped 2026-07-29.
  5. 3D Elevation Program (3DEP), 1/3 arc-second — U.S. Geological Survey On the map: shaded relief from 5 m and 10 m lidar elevation, mapped 2026-10-04; elevation bands and slope, mapped 2026-10-04.
  6. LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type (LF 2024) — U.S. Geological Survey / USDA Forest Service, LF2024
  7. Wildland Fire Interagency Geospatial Services (WFIGS) fire perimeters — National Interagency Fire Center On the map: burns over 100 acres since 2020, mapped 2026-06-29.
  8. 3DEP lidar point clouds (canopy height model) — U.S. Geological Survey
  9. COTREX: Colorado Trail Explorer — Colorado Parks and Wildlife On the map: trailheads, 2024.
  10. Motor Vehicle Use Maps (MVUM) — USDA Forest Service On the map: roads by vehicle class, drawn as open on the selected season's opener, mapped 2026-08-22.
  11. Highways and major roads — Colorado Department of Transportation On the map: highways, mapped 2026-07-31.
  12. SNOTEL network: daily snow depth and snow water equivalent — USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2026-10-20 On the map: SNOTEL stations.
  13. U.S. Drought Monitor — National Drought Mitigation Center, 2026-10-13
  14. MOD13Q1 vegetation indices (NDVI), 250 m 16-day — NASA LP DAAC, 2026-09-29
  15. National Weather Service 7-day gridpoint forecast — National Weather Service, 2026-10-21
  16. National Weather Service Area Forecast Discussion (BOU, GJT, PUB) — National Weather Service, 2026-10-21
  17. Influence of well pad activity on winter habitat selection patterns of mule deer — Sawyer, Kauffman and Nielson, Journal of Wildlife Management 73(7), 2009
  18. Long-term benefits of burns for large mammal habitat undermined by large, severe fires in the American West — Mills, Leclerc, Ditmer, Steel, Stoner, Sexton and others, Ecography 2026 (read via the Northern Rockies Fire Science Network summary), 2026
  19. Sex-specific behaviors of hunted mule deer during rifle season — Rodgers, Sawyer, Mong, Stephens and Kauffman, Journal of Wildlife Management 85(2), 2021
  20. Ungulate migrations of the western United States, volume 4 — Kauffman, Lowrey, Beaupre and others, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5006, 2024
  21. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fact sheet — USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Colorado, Fact sheet, March 2000, 2000
  22. Timing of seasonal migration in mule deer: effects of climate, plant phenology, and life-history characteristics — Monteith, Bleich, Stephenson, Pierce, Conner, Klaver and Bowyer, Ecosphere 2(4), 2011
  23. Gazetteer files, places — U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 On the map: towns, 2024.
  24. Species Activity Mapping: mule deer seasonal ranges — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2025 On the map: CPW mapped ranges, 2025.

Build a plan for Unit 48, free.

Start free

POIs are terrain candidates — places worth checking, not animal locations.